History of
Sambalpur, the cultural capital of Western Odisha
The Sambalpur is a district of Odisha. Sambalpur city is the
head quarter of Sambalpur district. Sambalpur is the cultural capital
of Western Odisha.
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| Maa Samleswari Goddess |
Sambalpur derives its
name from that of the Goddess Samalei. Maa Samalai or Samaleswari is the
presiding deity of the entire region of western Odisha. Historically it’s known
as 'Sambalaka'.
In ancient times the Sambalpur region is
khown as Hirakhanda. Ptolemy has described the place as "Sambalak".
According to Tavernir, the French traveller, and Edward Gibbon, the English
historian, diamonds were sent out to Rome from Sambalpur.
The historical backdrop of Sambalpur, as
portrayed by famous history specialists, is loaded with occasions including
Indian opportunity battle addressing the various segments of society. Since
Sambalpur is one of the antiquated region of India, which endure even in the
ancient age, a significant part of the authentic records about the beginning
and the presence of Sambalpur in the political situation of Odisha are as yet
in indefinite quality.
By Government of British India - Imperial Gazetteer on India via https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:SonpurKart.jpg, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33721106
Sambalpur is referenced in the book of
Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus) as Sambalaka on the left bank of stream
"Manada", presently known as Mahanadi, other proof are accessible
from the records of Xuanzang, and in the compositions of the observed King
Indrabhuti of Sambalaka of Odra Desha or Oddiyan (most established known ruler
of Sambalpur), the originator of Vajrayana Buddhism. He has composed the book
Jñānasiddhi.
French Trader Jean Baptiste Tavernier
(1605–1689) in his movement account "Six Voyages en Turquie, en Perse et
aux Indes (1676–77)" converted into English by Valentine Ball as
"Goes in India" (2d ed., 2 vol., 1925) expounded on the various well
known precious stone mines of Sumelpur (Semelpur), the current day Sambalpur.
He expresses that, 8,000 individuals were working in these mines at the hour of
his visit, in the dry season toward the start of February.
Sambalpur in 1825, watercolour of the fort at Sambalpur
The Sambalpur State and
start of British Rule
In 1540 A.D., the realm of Patna,
administered by the Chauhan Rajput tradition was bifurcated. The southern piece
of the Ang River was controlled by Narasingh Deb and his sibling Balaram Deb
got the northern side of the waterway, known as realm of Huma. He then, at that
point, begun walking towards the north-east bearing of Patnagarh. He previously
settled his capital in Nuagarh (present-day close to Bargarh). He confronted
some opposition by the old pioneers of Bargarh, to be specific two siblings
Barna and Rajiar of Bhaina-Pada. Balram Deo crushed them and set up a major
fortification (in Odia it is Bada-Garh, thus present day Bargarh). Later
Balaram Deo continued further north and set up his new capital at Sambalpur.
Sambalpur was administered by the Chauhan administration till 1800. The kingdom
of Sambalpur was otherwise called Hirakhand and Sambalpur was its capital.
Sambalpur went under the Bhonsles of
Nagpur when the Marathas vanquished Sambalpur in 1800. After the Third
Anglo-Maratha War in 1817, the British Government returned Sambalpur to the
Chauhan lord, Jayant Singh however his position over the other august states
were taken out.
1825 to 1827, Lieutenant Colonel Gilbert
(1785–1853), later Lieutenant General Sir Walter Raleigh Gilbert, first
baronet, G.C.B., was the Political Agent for the South West Frontier with base
camp at Sambalpur. He made not many works of art during his visit at Sambalpur
by an obscure craftsman which are right now with the British Library and
Victoria and Albert Museum.
Sambalpur revolution
At the point when the last leader of
Sambalpur, 'Narayan Singh died in 1849 without now heir. the state came under
the British Crown under policy of doctrine of lapse. Sambalpur was held under the South-West
Frontier Agency with central command at Ranchi. The authority language of this
locale around then was Hindi. "South-West Frontier Agency" was
renamed 'Chhota Nagpur Division' in 1854.
Statue of Veer Surendra Sai the Freedom Fighter of India
Veer Surendra Sai, who battled contrary
to the British Rule, is recorded in brilliant letters throughout the entire
existence of India's battle for freedom. During the Sepoy Mutiny in July 1857
the rebels tore open the jail at Hazaribagh, where Surendra Sai was detained
and delivered every one of the detainees. Surendra Sai battled against the
British subsequent to arriving at Sambalpur. There was no uprising in Cuttack
division, so Sambalpur was moved to Cuttack division in 1858 and Oriya was made
the authority language of Sambalpur. Sambalpur alongside other royal
territories of Western Odisha was integrated for the recently made Chhattisgarh
division of Central Province in 1862.
Issues of Language
In January 1896, Hindi was made
authority language of Sambalpur. For individuals of Sambalpur, whose primary
language is Sambalpuri (which is bit leaned towards odia sequentially)
protested it. Odia was once again introduced as the authority language of
Sambalpur area in 1903 as they requested mixture with Odisha Division as an
answer of the language emergency. This fit Lord Curzon, Sir Andrew Fraser and
Mr. Risley, who were bowed after separating Bengal based on religion, so
British standard could proceed in India. So the interest of mixture was
acknowledged by the British Government during the parcel of Bengal in 1905 when
Sambalpur and the contiguous Sambalpuri talking plots were amalgamated with the
Odisha Division under Bengal Presidency. Bengal's Odisha division turned out to
be important for the new territory of Bihar and Odisha in 1912, and in April
1936 turned into the different region of Odisha. After Indian Independence on
15 August 1947, Odisha turned into an Indian state. The leaders of the Princely
territories of Western Odisha acquiesced to the Government of India in January
1948 and turned out to be essential for Odisha state.
Rulers of
Sambalpur
·
1690 - 1725 Chhatrasal
·
1725 - 1732 Ajit Singh
·
1732 - 1778 Abhai Singh
·
1778 - 1782 Balbhadra Sai
·
1782 - 1797 Jayanta Singh (1st time) (d. 1818)
·
1808 - 1817 Maratha occupation
·
1817 - 1818 Jayanta Singh (2nd time) (s.a.)
·
1818 - 1820 British administration
·
1820 - 1827 Maharaj Sai (d. 1827)
·
1827 - 1833 Mohan Kumari (f) -Rani
·
1833 - 1849 Narayan Singh (d. 1849)
· 1849 - Mukhyapan Devi (f) -Rani
* 1857 - 1862 Surendra Sai (in rebellion) (b. 1809 - d. 1884)
After Independent
1956 Bank of Mahanadi River Hirakud Dam was built at
Hirakud and VSSUT started functioning as University College of
Engineering, Burla.
1966 Sambalpur University Act was passed.
1967 Sambalpur University located at Burla started
functioning.
1959 Established Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical
Sciences and Research (VIMSAR), formerly Burla Medical College (BMC) and Veer Surendra Sai Medical College and Hospital (VSSMCH),
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